Tech news

iPhone 5 Reaches Pakistan But Nano SIMs Are Yet to Surface!

We have been told that iPhone 5 has reached Pakistan with really limited stock in open market while retailers (and online shopping stores) are still waiting for iPhone 5 devices to be available by early next month or in second week of October at most.
iPhone 5, at this point of time, is being sold in open market at Rs. 90,000 to Rs. 97,000 as an exclusive offer for those early adopters who want to outshine in their circles. These iPhone 5 devices are believed to be shipped by individuals coming from USA to Pakistan.
Online retailers and phone stores are expecting to sell iPhone 5 devices around Rs. 80,000 to Rs. 90,000 when smartphone will be available at mobile markets in less than 2 weeks from now.
While on the other hands, Nano SIMs – compatible with iPhone 5 – are still not available with any telco. Mobilink had claimed the availability of Nano SIMs, however, we are getting reports that stock is yet to arrive at service centers.
A Facebook update by Mobilink reads:

For all the potential iPhone 5 holders, Mobilink is introducing the new nano-SIM SOON!
Mobilink customers will soon be able to simply walk into a customer care center and get their standard SIM replaced with the new nano-SIM.

Those who are inquiring for Nano SIMs from Mobilink are entertained with altered version of Micro SIMs, i.e. by cutting, grinding and curving the Micro SIM with nail filer.
We are yet to get hold of pricing details of Nano SIMs.
We are expecting other operators to launch Nano SIMs too, so let’s see who will be quickest to bring Nano SIMs in Pakistan in real.

 

Types of Copper Cables

Solid Wire:

Single strand copper wire is also called solid wire (solid core wire), consists of one piece of copper wire surrounded by an insulating material.

Cable:

All Copper Cables consists of two or more wires bounded and twisted together, running parallel to each other, forming a single assembly.

Types:

There are many Types of cable. such as

1. Shielding cable

2. Coaxial Cable

3. Strip Cable

4. Twisted pair Cables

           i) U/UTP

           ii) S/UTP

          iii) U/STP

          iv) S/STP

1. Shielding cables

Shielding cables are enclosed in wire mesh (Foil). The wires inside the shielding are mostly isolated from external electric fields.

2. Twisted pair cables

Twisted pair cable consists of two wire conductors that are twisted together as shown in fig. This phenomena is used to cancel out the electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external signal. which in turn reduces the loss of signal. There for twisted pair cables are being used in communication field from many decades, for conversions on telephone.

3. Coaxial cables

Coaxial cable is constructed by two or more wires or conductors that are centrally wrapped, and are separated by a dielectric (insulator). One solid conductor is in the center of cable, while other hollow conductor or wire is surrounding the Central conductor and the medium between them is (Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) or Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE)) used as insulator.
This concentric cylindrical form causes voltages induced by a magnetic field between the shield and the core conductor, nearly equal magnitudes which cancel out each other and reduces the signal losses.
Main advantage of Coaxial cable is that is has very little influence of interference on the carried signal from the outside. using interference to signals inside the cable. This property makes coaxial cable a good choice for carrying weak signals that cannot tolerate interference from the environment or for higher power signals that must not be allowed to radiate or couple into adjacent structures or circuits Coaxial cables, reduce low-frequency magnetic transmission and pickup.
 

Why Copper

Copper sets the standard for conductivity

With its exceptional current carrying capacity, copper is more efficient than any other electrical conductor Because of its superior conductivity, annealed copper is the international standard to which all other electrical conductors are compared . In 1913, the international Electro-Technical Commission set the conductivity of copper at 100% in their International annealed Copper Standard (IACS). This means that copper provides more current carrying capacity for a given diameter of wire than any other engineering metal. Today, copper conductors used in building wire actually have a conductivity rating of 100% or better, based on the IACS scale.

Copper building wire requires less insulation and smaller conduits than aluminum because aluminum, with its lower conductivity, must be larger in diameter than copper to carry the same current. This is why more copper wire can fit in a given conduit, compared to aluminum. This greater “wire fill” is a special advantage when a system is rewired or expanded. Another advantage is that copper oxide also conducts electricity. So connections and terminations will not overheat and do not require the use of oxide-inhibiting compounds. In addition, copper also provides superior thermal conductivity (60% better than aluminum), which saves energy and accelerates heat dissipation. This property is also especially helpful at terminations and connections.

Copper is strong

Because of its strength, copper resists stretching, neck-down, creep, nicks and breaks. Copper’s exceptional strength, compared to aluminum conductors, is another reason it has remained the conductor of choice in wiring systems throughout the building industry.

When long runs of aluminum conductors are pulled through conduit and cable trays, they can stretch and neck-down. This reduces the current carrying capacity, wastes energy, and can cause dangerous overheating. Copper, with its superior tensile strength, safeguards against these conditions occurring.

Copper wiring also resists what engineers call creep, the gradual deformation of metal unfair stress. When lighter, weaker aluminum is used, this problem often occurs at connecting points where a screw can squeeze and deform the conductor, leaving it under stress. This can cause a loose connection, which may be followed by oxidation, arcing and overheating. By using copper wire in your system you can avoid this problem.

The natural hardness and superior strength of copper wiring also help it to nicks and breakage. In equipment installations and machinery using non-copper wiring, nicks and scratches can lead to failure due to vibration and flexing. Through what metallurgists call fatigue failure, these small flaws can deteriorate into large breaks in the wiring, causing long-term interruptions in service. For strength, durability and reliable performance, you can count on copper.

Copper is compatible with connectors and other devices

All your connections will be solid with sturdy, corrosion-resistant copper. Copper building wire is compatible with brass and quality plated screws, to give you connections that will not corrode or creep. It can be installed simply and easily with no special tools, washers, pigtails or joint compounds. And its flexibility makes copper easy to join, while its hardness helps keep connections securely in place.

Copper provides strength and ductility

This unique combination makes copper ideal for wiring systems. Usually, the stronger a metal is, the less pliable it is. Not so with copper. You get the advantages of durability and ductility when you specify copper. At junction boxes and terminations, you can bend copper further, twist it tighter and pull it harder – without stretching or breaking it.

Copper is easy to install

Ductility plus, makes copper easy to work with. The inherent strength, hardness and flexibility of copper building wire make it very easy to work with. When you pull it through a conduit it resists stretching, neck-down, or breakage. You can bend it or twist it easily and it still will not break. You can strip it and terminate it during installation or service with far less danger of nicks or breaks. When you’re looking for a wiring system that is easy to hook up and won’t break down in service – rely on flexible, durable copper.

Copper is corrosion resistant

A noble metal, copper gives your system unequaled reliability and longevity. The pure copper used in building wire is described by corrosion specialists as noble metal. This means it is not subject to galvanic corrosion when connected to other, less noble metals and alloys. Copper wiring will also resist corrosion from moisture, humidity, industrial pollution and other atmospheric influences – to insure safe, trouble-free performance for the life of your system.

Copper meets all codes

Years of reliable performance have made copper wiring the industry standard. Copper wiring complies with every code, ordinance and regulation for electrical conductors throughout the United States. Copper’s superior performance in all types of installations has earned it nationwide acceptance as the long-established standard for building wire conductors.  

Copper is economical

Over the life of your system, superior performance and dependability translate into real economy. On a first-look basic, aluminum is sometimes cheaper than copper building wire. But real economy is not measured by initial cost alone. Life-cycle cost, which includes installation extra tools, procedures, materials, service calls, repairs and potential for expansion of the system must also be considered along with the potential liability for inadequate service performance. These are real costs often missed on a first-look basis. Consider the following list of factors and their cost implications. Then compare copper with the substitute. You will find that copper gets more and more economical as you go down the list.

With copper, you get:

• Superior current carrying capacity for narrower conduits
• Easier installation – no need for special connectors, tools, compounds and procedures
• Wire fill and expansion possibilities
• Resistance to stretching, neck-down, creep, nicks, breaks and corrosion
• No extra maintenance and repair calls due to poor performance and breakdowns
• Extra protection against liability for possible problems in service Over the life of your system, the strength, efficiency and performance of copper almost always make it the most cost-effective wiring material available today.

Copper Path Characteristics

Now we are on our way to study the Characteristics of Copper cable laid from Exchange to the customer premisses.

Copper Cable of Different Types are capable of handling or carrying the Frequency range of up to 2GHz.

For Deep understanding of Copper Cables, their function and their losses we study further in our next blog,

what is the Characteristics of Copper?
how many types of Copper Cables?
what is the affect of Copper Cables on Communication?
why is Copper Cable so called Bottle neck?

These are the answers we try to Answer through Mutual understanding,
Please share your understandings by commenting on the posts.

Thanks
Regards

Telephone Set Features

Make Set Busy

Allows ringing to be turned off for all lines on your set (Button Required). Only available for phones that are configured with the Automatic Call Distribution feature.

 

Message Waiting Indicator (MWI)

An indicator tells you there is a voice mail message (or messages) waiting for you in your mailbox. The indicator turns off when you have listened to all your new messages.

This feature can be activated upon request.

Some telephones have a Msg Wait button that the user can press to directly dial the voice mail system when the Message Waiting Indicator is on.

Multiple Appearance Directory Number (MADN)

Do you work at more than one location on campus? With a MADN, your number can ring at numerous locations anywhere on campus.

 

Music on Hold

Give your customers something nice to listen to while they're on hold. Available on Electronic Sets Only.

 

Name Display

This feature displays your name and phone number when you make calls to campus lines that also have telephone display sets. In fact, many telephone sets already have display units built into them.

When your caller has Name Display, you will know who is calling you before you answer your phone. Basic phone lines can be programmed with up to 15 character name displays and most Advanced phone lines (electronic, multi-line phones) can be programmed with up to 24 characters.

 

Outbound Caller ID (Personal Number)

Outbound Caller ID (Personal Number) allows your 10-digit number and to be displayed when you call an off-Location number that has a Caller ID device connected to it. You can also block your personal number on any specific call by first dialing *67 then 9 and the number you wish to reach.

Ring Again

Ring Again can be used to notify you that the busy number you have tried to reach is now idle, ready to accept incoming calls. It can automatically connect you when you lift your receiver.

 

Simultaneous Ring (SimRing)

If you work in multiple locations, the SimRing feature allows you to personally direct calls from your phone to up to five locations, including your cell phone and pager, all at the same time. With this feature, you are able to easily set up and change where your calls are directed. The feature is restricted to your local calling area.

 

Six-Way Conference

You can create a 6 party conference call with this feature. Available on Electronic Sets Only.

Speed Calling

Do you have a long list of frequently called numbers? With Speed Call, one key on a multi line set accepts codes entered by the user. Each of these codes is associated with a given phone number on the user's Speed Call list. You can program a list of 10, 30, or 50 frequently called numbers. An access code or key can be used to automatically dial the numbers.

 

Three-Way Conference

Up to three parties may participate in a group conversation using the Three-Way Conference feature.

 

Voice Mail

The Announce Only voice mailbox feature provides up to 4 minutes of message recording length.